It’s bad news for companies that still rely on this legitimate functionality. Perception Point Research. 2020-06-22 · Excel 4.0 macros use formulas in various cells to execute code, top down, left to right and most likely located in hidden worksheets. Here is a unhidden example. These macros are assoiciated with Excel 97-2003 Workbook .XLS files and are still supported by the latest versions of MS Excel. Excel 4.0 macros are still supported by default in all recent Microsoft Office versions, including Office 2016.
Migrating your macros lets you take advantage of the improvements to the VBA programming object model. If you decide you’re not ready to migrate, you can still run Excel 4.0 macros. The Excel 4.0 macros (XLM) feature was introduced in Excel version 4.0 way back in 1992. [2] This style of macro predates the also commonly abused Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros. Some of the early adopters of this variation of the technique [3] were found to deliver Zloader [4] and Dridex [5] .
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If you decide you’re not ready to migrate, you can still run Excel 4.0 macros. Excel 4.0 macros are still supported by default in all recent Microsoft Office versions, including Office 2016. Although files with the .xlm file extension are blocked for opening by default in recent Office versions, XLM macrosheets can be used in .xls and .xlsm files (amongst others, there are some interesting file types that we will discuss in our DerbyCon presentation). If a macro is written in VBA using code editor, it is not an Excel 4.0 macro. Excel 4.0 macro is a bunch of commands on a sheet. You might have a formula somewhere Excel 4.0, or XLM macros, is a 30-year-old feature of Microsoft Excel that has been gaining popularity among malware authors and attackers, especially over the last year (see Chart 1).
This format is used a lot in the recent years as it is considered to be less detected by AV, also it is not processed by AMSI. To start with our shellcode writing, we must create a sheet as an Excel Macro 4.0 sheet, refer to Outflank’s blog post/Derbycon 2018 video for more information. Excel 4.0 macros continue to be valu able to attackers, as they deliver a reliable method to get malicious code to run on a target. In many environments, Excel worksheets with macros are used extensively for legitimate purposes , and , therefore, they cannot easily be disable d without affecting essential business processes.
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Step-by-step guide that shows you how to easily deal with 3 common macro security scenarios.
If you decide you’re not ready to migrate, you can still run Excel 4.0 macros. The Excel 4.0 macros (XLM) feature was introduced in Excel version 4.0 way back in 1992. [2] This style of macro predates the also commonly abused Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros. Some of the early adopters of this variation of the technique [3] were found to deliver Zloader [4] and Dridex [5] .
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Even in VBA macros, the idea of subroutines exist to allow for simple code-reuse. While the Excel 4.0 Macro Functions Reference 18 mentions the idea of Excel 4.0 macro subroutines several times – it never actually details how these can be created. In practice, Excel 4.0 macro subroutines are really just a sequence of RUN and RETURN functions. 2020-04-17 Figure 3: Adding Excel 4.0 Macro Sheet. We will write our code in this sheet and then hide it to avoid being suspicious from the target user. We can simply execute a simple on-disk executable using excel 4.0 macros using the below command: Figure 4: Executing calc.exe from disk using Excel 4.0 macros.